Leadership challenges and organizational development in Africa: A systematic literature review of governance failures and pathways to reform
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.65221/0216Keywords:
Leadership Challenges, Organizational Development, Governance Failures, Institutional Reform, Systemic Corruption, African Public Administration, Change Management, State Capture, Institutional Capacity, Economic MismanagementAbstract
This systematic literature review examines the complex intersection of leadership effectiveness and organizational governance within the African context, identifying these as primary barriers to the continent’s economic and social progress. Drawing on established organizational development (OD) frameworks, including those advanced by Kotter, Cummings and Worley, and Harrison, the review synthesizes evidence from peer-reviewed journal articles, book chapters, government and institutional reports, conference proceedings, and scholarly monographs to analyse how institutional weaknesses and poor governance structures create organizational cultures resistant to positive change. A structured search strategy was applied, and thematic synthesis was conducted across five country contexts: Zimbabwe, South Africa, Nigeria, Kenya, and Botswana. The evidence reveals four systemic patterns of institutional pathology: corruption and state capture, nepotism and patronage networks, economic mismanagement, and democratic erosion. While some nations demonstrate democratic stability, persistent implementation gaps and resource-curse dynamics undermine sustainable development even in comparatively well-governed states. The review concludes by proposing evidence-based recommendations for leadership reform and institutional strengthening, emphasizing the need for culturally sensitive, systemic OD interventions that simultaneously address structural and cultural dimensions of governance. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of how OD principles can meaningfully guide public sector reform across Africa.
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